In the cancer patient's subjective symptom, the ache formation rate is highest. The patient's condition patient has 40% to be accompanied by the ache at least. The terminal cancer patient 80% have at least moderate to the specific weight ache. According to the statistical data indicated: Because the world year has 2,500,000 people cancer ache not to be able to obtain the prompt treatment to die. In the world has 3,500,000 people every day, in cancer ache suffers gets by difficultly. The ache not only does not favor the ache the treatment. Also increased the pain to the patient. Reduced patient's survival quality obviously. First, in idea renewal The medical personnel, the patient, the public, the family member to ache understanding, manner, expectation as well as to ache treatment, nursing have had the huge change in the past's more than 30 years. Now, cancer patient's ache question obtained the entire community public figures to take seriously. Takes each kind of remedial measure decisively to cancer ache patient, high method relieves patient's pain, improved patient's survival quality, the extension life new idea has substituted for in cancer ache treatment traditional ideas gradually. But, are many expert to believe at present, the hindrance stops pain effectively the subject matter is not only nurse lacks the understanding to the anaesthetic pharmacological action, moreover, knows the insufficiency to person's life quality and the nursing job category itself. Doctor and nurse worried generally the patient uses the anaesthetic to be able to reappear the spiritual dependence, and the family member also harbors the dread including the patient himself to the anaesthetic. Presents “four does not hope the syndrome”, namely doctor is not willing the sufficiency the pain-killer, the pharmacy not to be willing to send the sufficiency the medicine, nurse/the family member is not willing to give the sufficiency the medicine, the patient is not willing to accept the sufficiency the pain-killer. Therefore not only needs the medical personnel regarding cancer ache's treatment to know that on the renewal, needs the patient and family member's coordination, particularly patient family member's cooperation. Second, family member's function Undeniably, cancer patient many are stays in hospital the treatment in the hospital, but, also had quite a partial cancer patient to pass after all in the home. Therefore, in cancer ache's treatment, the family member is also undertaking the very important responsibility. And includes: 1st, estimates reliably correctly patient's ache, assists the medical personnel to work out the reasonable therapeutic schedule. The patient ache estimates its content including the ache degree, the spot, the nature, the outbreak situation and the complication and so on. Family member when estimate patient's ache, must pay attention to the psychology, the society and the economy besides the bodily factor and so on various factors influence. 2nd, accurate, gives the phial bottle observation pain-relieving medicine promptly the effect and the side effect. 3rd, comforts for the patient, explains and encourages, to enable it to get rid from the spirit to the ache the fear, increases to the life the hope. 4th, the education and the explanation change for the patient to the medicine side effect and the tolerant wrong understanding, encourages the patient to enjoy person's dignity and person's authority. Third, family member's duty In the cancerous ache treatment's process, the role which its family member plays is unwise to underestimate, they need to complete the massive nursing work. Therefore, they must understand and grasp nursing the scope. 1st, understanding cancerous ache treatment basic principle: (1) grasps some effective, the main control ache medicine dosage and the applicable scope truly. (2) the pain-killer heart possibly takes orally, next, is the rectum medication, finally only then chooses the injection. The medicine use should follow from small to big, from few to many principles, and observes the curative effect and the side effect. (3) must the time fixed time apply drugs according to medicine Guan Shuai, must before recently the drug efficacy vanished 1h to apply drugs, exempts increases the pain to the patient, increases the medicine dosage. 2nd, to the patient explained that accepts the treatment the effect, helps the patient to understand the ache produces the reason, takes why the medicine and the taking medicine time does tell the patient to take the medicine as well as the medicine on time has the side effect which and the prevention the possibility produces. 3rd, helps the patient to apply drugs correctly, according to patient's situation, chooses the appropriate medicine and the medication method. When medication, should consider the drug efficacy the duration and patient's habits and customs, avoid as far as possible when the patient rest applies drugs. 4th, the appraisal method of treatment to reduces the ache the effect, reported promptly to doctor, proposed the reasonable suggestion, causes to adjust the therapeutic schedule promptly. 5th, side effect prevention. If the aspirin can stimulate the stomach, the destruction gastric mucosa barrier causes the hemorrhage, and causes the zymoplasm original reduction to cause the whole body hemorrhage tendency and so on. 6th, in the full attention cancerous ache nursing process's integrity stops pain not only includes gives the pharmacological treatment, moreover, must give the patient to create a comfortable environment, helps the patient to obtain a comfortable body posture and so on. Follows frightened which and the anxiety cancer ache comes, the family member needs the related technology, the psychology knowledge helps the patient to overcome these barriers. In brief, the family member facing cancer ache's patient, do not increase the pain to them, or lets them struggle in the pain, but must the corrective method, reduce patient's pain unceasingly. At the same time, but must to doctor, nurse seek for advice unceasingly, seeks for advice to the books, for the patient relieve pain, coordinates doctor, nurse to complete cancer patient's treatment and the nursing survival percentage as far as possible.
In the cancer patient's subjective symptom, the ache formation rate is highest. The patient's condition patient has 40% to be accompanied by the ache at least. The terminal cancer patient 80% have at least moderate to the specific weight ache. According to the statistical data indicated: Because the world year has 2,500,000 people cancer ache not to be able to obtain the prompt treatment to die. In the world has 3,500,000 people every day, in cancer ache suffers gets by difficultly. The ache not only does not favor the ache the treatment. Also increased the pain to the patient. Reduced patient's survival quality obviously. First, in idea renewal The medical personnel, the patient, the public, the family member to ache understanding, manner, expectation as well as to ache treatment, nursing have had the huge change in the past's more than 30 years. Now, cancer patient's ache question obtained the entire community public figures to take seriously. Takes each kind of remedial measure decisively to cancer ache patient, high method relieves patient's pain, improved patient's survival quality, the extension life new idea has substituted for in cancer ache treatment traditional ideas gradually. But, are many expert to believe at present, the hindrance stops pain effectively the subject matter is not only nurse lacks the understanding to the anaesthetic pharmacological action, moreover, knows the insufficiency to person's life quality and the nursing job category itself. Doctor and nurse worried generally the patient uses the anaesthetic to be able to reappear the spiritual dependence, and the family member also harbors the dread including the patient himself to the anaesthetic. Presents “four does not hope the syndrome”, namely doctor is not willing the sufficiency the pain-killer, the pharmacy not to be willing to send the sufficiency the medicine, nurse/the family member is not willing to give the sufficiency the medicine, the patient is not willing to accept the sufficiency the pain-killer. Therefore not only needs the medical personnel regarding cancer ache's treatment to know that on the renewal, needs the patient and family member's coordination, particularly patient family member's cooperation. Second, family member's function Undeniably, cancer patient many are stays in hospital the treatment in the hospital, but, also had quite a partial cancer patient to pass after all in the home. Therefore, in cancer ache's treatment, the family member is also undertaking the very important responsibility. And includes: 1st, estimates reliably correctly patient's ache, assists the medical personnel to work out the reasonable therapeutic schedule. The patient ache estimates its content including the ache degree, the spot, the nature, the outbreak situation and the complication and so on. Family member when estimate patient's ache, must pay attention to the psychology, the society and the economy besides the bodily factor and so on various factors influence. 2nd, accurate, gives the phial bottle observation pain-relieving medicine promptly the effect and the side effect. 3rd, comforts for the patient, explains and encourages, to enable it to get rid from the spirit to the ache the fear, increases to the life the hope. 4th, the education and the explanation change for the patient to the medicine side effect and the tolerant wrong understanding, encourages the patient to enjoy person's dignity and person's authority. Third, family member's duty In the cancerous ache treatment's process, the role which its family member plays is unwise to underestimate, they need to complete the massive nursing work. Therefore, they must understand and grasp nursing the scope. 1st, understanding cancerous ache treatment basic principle: (1) grasps some effective, the main control ache medicine dosage and the applicable scope truly. (2) the pain-killer heart possibly takes orally, next, is the rectum medication, finally only then chooses the injection. The medicine use should follow from small to big, from few to many principles, and observes the curative effect and the side effect. (3) must the time fixed time apply drugs according to medicine Guan Shuai, must before recently the drug efficacy vanished 1h to apply drugs, exempts increases the pain to the patient, increases the medicine dosage. 2nd, to the patient explained that accepts the treatment the effect, helps the patient to understand the ache produces the reason, takes why the medicine and the taking medicine time does tell the patient to take the medicine as well as the medicine on time has the side effect which and the prevention the possibility produces. 3rd, helps the patient to apply drugs correctly, according to patient's situation, chooses the appropriate medicine and the medication method. When medication, should consider the drug efficacy the duration and patient's habits and customs, avoid as far as possible when the patient rest applies drugs. 4th, the appraisal method of treatment to reduces the ache the effect, reported promptly to doctor, proposed the reasonable suggestion, causes to adjust the therapeutic schedule promptly. 5th, side effect prevention. If the aspirin can stimulate the stomach, the destruction gastric mucosa barrier causes the hemorrhage, and causes the zymoplasm original reduction to cause the whole body hemorrhage tendency and so on. 6th, in the full attention cancerous ache nursing process's integrity stops pain not only includes gives the pharmacological treatment, moreover, must give the patient to create a comfortable environment, helps the patient to obtain a comfortable body posture and so on. Follows frightened which and the anxiety cancer ache comes, the family member needs the related technology, the psychology knowledge helps the patient to overcome these barriers. In brief, the family member facing cancer ache's patient, do not increase the pain to them, or lets them struggle in the pain, but must the corrective method, reduce patient's pain unceasingly. At the same time, but must to doctor, nurse seek for advice unceasingly, seeks for advice to the books, for the patient relieve pain, coordinates doctor, nurse to complete cancer patient's treatment and the nursing survival percentage as far as possible.
Regarding the terminal cancer patient, the ache is the most universal symptom. In view of the later period cancer pain, the World Health Organization (WHO) has formulated “three steps and ladders pain-relievings” in 1986 the principle of reatment, the People's Republic of China Medical department officially has also promulgated "Cancer Patient Three Steps and ladders Pain-relieving Therapy Guiding principle" in 1993, medical arena experts for many years has also been exploring eliminates the cancer pain the efficacious device. However, besides light moderate ache effect still permissible, the specific weight ache still lacked the effective means. In recent years, domestic and foreign has used one new analgesia method in the ache treatment aspect, namely the patient automatic control analgesia technique (patientcontrolledanalgesia, is called PCA). After at first mainly uses in the surgery stops pain, already widely applied in the later period cancer pain and in other stubborn ache treatment. Because many people do not understand or simply did not know that has this therapy, enables this new technology the very good service in the later period cancer painful patient. What is PCA? PCA is asks about somebody's well being handtailor Chu Yaobeng through a narrow tube places on the patient body, stops pain the medicine to enter after the PCA pump by the specific speed the medicine pump the human body to play continually the analgetic role, different may choose the different pump according to the ache degree to enter the speed. Pump's above also some automatic control button, when the patient felt when ache may hold back increases the replenishment dose. How to place? The PCA pump divides two kinds: One kind is the microcomputer control pump (also said that electronic pump), the automated control degree is high, the speed may adjust willfully, easy to operate, but the price is expensive, suits in hospital period use; Another kind is the disposable PCA pump, pours the medicine speed to be relatively fixed, the price is low, suits uses in the home. According to the ache spot, the scope and the degree are different, the medicine pours into human body's way to be possible to divide into three kinds: Hard membrane pericoel, vein and hypodermic. Generally speaking, below the chest, the ache spot and the scope relatively fixed patient, suit after the hard membrane pericoel (PCEA) the note medicine; Ache scope Guang Huoying the membrane pericoel puncture difficulty, suits after the vein (PCIA) or hypodermic (PCSA) the note medicine. Pump's size similar teacup, above has hangs the buckle, may hang in the waist, may install in the pocket, evening sleeps may place nearby the pillow. It is not hospitalized the patient may after the hospital imposition brings to go home, fixed time adds the medicine to the pump in then, is unable the hospital serious illness person also to be possible to ask ache branch doctor to treat illness in others to place. With what medicine? Generally has three kind of medicines: First, anaesthetic, like morphine, demerol hydrochloride, Fentaini and so on; Second, the local anesthesia medicine, mainly uses the cloth compared to Kain; Third, the stable calm medicine, the commonly used imidazole stable or the fluorine pai advantage are many. Merit: 1. gives the medicine automatically, but cannot be hospitalized, can participate in the general daily activity. 2. the analgetic effect is accurate, the patient may change itself according to the ache degree to supplement the medication. 3. the complication are few, is not easy to become addicted to, to the sleep, the diet and patient's spiritual influence is small. 4. the duration was long, reduced inconvenient which injected repeatedly brings. 5. uses the dose to be few, generally speaking the expense is low. The common side effect includes:①The disgusting vomit, initially uses common, reduces gradually.②The skin pruritus, take the face and the chest and back as heavy, the available antihistamine or the sedative.③The urine zhu remains, may give the ventral massage or the hot compress, when the necessity may the temporary catheterization. 4 breath suppress, generally is not obvious, is serious when gives the oxygen uptake.⑤Other, occasionally see the constipation, dizziness, to be addicted to rest and so on. Are different according to pump's quality and the performance and are different, generally speaking includes the pump and the technical cost approximately between 600~800 Yuan. a 3~7 day of Canadian medicine, the peaceful pump may use for 1~3 months. Generally the municipal above big hospital can make this kind of treatment, should look for ache branch doctor or anesthesiology department doctor receives a medical examination.
According to statistics: The nation cancer new diseased population approximately has every year 1,800,000, 62% are accompanied by the ache. Cancer ache is not only a medicine question, it is a social question. The World Health Organization once in 1982 proposed “in 2000 realized the world non-cancer pain” the specific objectives, we realized this goal possibility in 2000 to have in a big way? The traditional ideas must transform, otherwise the tumor stops pain is very difficult to complete. Certainly this need we the medicine specialists educate the patient, also needs your media the help, disseminates the entire society the correct idea. Some people believed frequently, once cancer patient with the analgetic medicine, means that has sounded the unlucky ding, this idea harm is big. In the real life, many people thought that so long as cancer patient used the analgetic medicine, particularly used the codein, the morphine and so on strong effect analgesic, explained already entered cancer “finally the last stage”. This is one kind of misunderstanding completely. Because receives this kind of misunderstanding the influence, many cancer patients fear so-called “the last stage to approach finally”, then suppresses the ache to suffer, refuses to use the pain-killer; Because or the ache is hard to endure, the patient starts to use the pain-killer, but thought that “the last stage approaches finally”, thus lost continued to treat and the survival confidence. The ache is a cancer patient's common symptom, the ache order of severity and whether to use the strong effect analgesic, with clinical time don't not too big relations. Cancer ache is in the cancer morbidity process ordinary phenomenon, may occur in any time leaves. Although the terminal cancer patient has the ache the proportion to be relatively high, but the early cancer patient may also have cancer ache, even possibly has the fierce ache. Whether cancer patient does have the ache and the pathological change infringement spot concerns. Because for example, a cancer patient the tumor grows in the nerve rich organization, although belongs to the early time, actually possibly has the fierce ache; Another belongs to finally the last stage cancer patient truly, because the pathological change has not implicated the nerve rich organization, possibly does not have the ache symptom. The ache will cause the serious harm, various issue of cancer patients should accept the analgetic treatment. Each clinical time other cancer patients possibly have the ache, but the ache creates to them the harm is similar. Cancer ache not only makes the patient to feel uncomfortable, will also bring a series of serious influences. For example, the disgusting vomit, the anorexia, losing sleep, anxious, frightened, despondent, are not willing with the human to associate; Each physiological function drops, energy drops; Lose the confidence to the life and the treatment and so on. Ache harm which to the body, the physiology and the psychological aspect creates, not only affects obviously patient's quality of life, will also affect the treatment implementation and the effect. Because the partial patients the ache have not been under satisfaction control to lose the patience, will give up permanently curing cancer's opportunity. Regarding various issue of cancer patient's ache should the active treatment, stop pain the treatment to eliminate reduces patient's pain, but is also helpful to the enhancement quality of life, is helpful in anticancer treatment treatment smooth completion. The anticancer treatment treatment itself can control the ache, but the analgetic appearance requires certain time. Therefore, before radical cure anticancer treatment treatment appearance, also has the necessity to carry on the analgetic treatment positively, so that the anticancer treatment treatment can complete smoothly. In addition, regarding already the patient who loses the radical cure anticancer treatment treatment opportunity, stops pain possibly is the partial patients only may accept with the effective method of treatment, because the analgetic treatment possibly causes the tumor patient under the indolence condition the long-term belt cancer survival, strives for to treat the time and the opportunity.
Regarding the terminal cancer patient, the ache is the most universal symptom. In view of the later period cancer pain, the World Health Organization (WHO) has formulated “three steps and ladders pain-relievings” in 1986 the principle of reatment, the People's Republic of China Medical department officially has also promulgated "Cancer Patient Three Steps and ladders Pain-relieving Therapy Guiding principle" in 1993, medical arena experts for many years has also been exploring eliminates the cancer pain the efficacious device. However, besides light moderate ache effect still permissible, the specific weight ache still lacked the effective means. In recent years, domestic and foreign has used one new analgesia method in the ache treatment aspect, namely the patient automatic control analgesia technique (patientcontrolledanalgesia, is called PCA). After at first mainly uses in the surgery stops pain, already widely applied in the later period cancer pain and in other stubborn ache treatment. Because many people do not understand or simply did not know that has this therapy, enables this new technology the very good service in the later period cancer painful patient. What is PCA? PCA is asks about somebody's well being handtailor Chu Yaobeng through a narrow tube places on the patient body, stops pain the medicine to enter after the PCA pump by the specific speed the medicine pump the human body to play continually the analgetic role, different may choose the different pump according to the ache degree to enter the speed. Pump's above also some automatic control button, when the patient felt when ache may hold back increases the replenishment dose. How to place? The PCA pump divides two kinds: One kind is the microcomputer control pump (also said that electronic pump), the automated control degree is high, the speed may adjust willfully, easy to operate, but the price is expensive, suits in hospital period use; Another kind is the disposable PCA pump, pours the medicine speed to be relatively fixed, the price is low, suits uses in the home. According to the ache spot, the scope and the degree are different, the medicine pours into human body's way to be possible to divide into three kinds: Hard membrane pericoel, vein and hypodermic. Generally speaking, below the chest, the ache spot and the scope relatively fixed patient, suit after the hard membrane pericoel (PCEA) the note medicine; Ache scope Guang Huoying the membrane pericoel puncture difficulty, suits after the vein (PCIA) or hypodermic (PCSA) the note medicine. Pump's size similar teacup, above has hangs the buckle, may hang in the waist, may install in the pocket, evening sleeps may place nearby the pillow. It is not hospitalized the patient may after the hospital imposition brings to go home, fixed time adds the medicine to the pump in then, is unable the hospital serious illness person also to be possible to ask ache branch doctor to treat illness in others to place. With what medicine? Generally has three kind of medicines: First, anaesthetic, like morphine, demerol hydrochloride, Fentaini and so on; Second, the local anesthesia medicine, mainly uses the cloth compared to Kain; Third, the stable calm medicine, the commonly used imidazole stable or the fluorine pai advantage are many. Merit: 1. gives the medicine automatically, but cannot be hospitalized, can participate in the general daily activity. 2. the analgetic effect is accurate, the patient may change itself according to the ache degree to supplement the medication. 3. the complication are few, is not easy to become addicted to, to the sleep, the diet and patient's spiritual influence is small. 4. the duration was long, reduced inconvenient which injected repeatedly brings. 5. uses the dose to be few, generally speaking the expense is low. The common side effect includes:①The disgusting vomit, initially uses common, reduces gradually.②The skin pruritus, take the face and the chest and back as heavy, the available antihistamine or the sedative.③The urine zhu remains, may give the ventral massage or the hot compress, when the necessity may the temporary catheterization. 4 breath suppress, generally is not obvious, is serious when gives the oxygen uptake.⑤Other, occasionally see the constipation, dizziness, to be addicted to rest and so on. Are different according to pump's quality and the performance and are different, generally speaking includes the pump and the technical cost approximately between 600~800 Yuan. a 3~7 day of Canadian medicine, the peaceful pump may use for 1~3 months. Generally the municipal above big hospital can make this kind of treatment, should look for ache branch doctor or anesthesiology department doctor receives a medical examination.
The appraisal ache's best method is to the ache essence trust, the use reliable effective tool and understood that some related aches the question, may understand the ache well the essence. 1.1 influence correct appraisal factor 1.2 patient's ages, sex, disposition and cultural context: Generally speaking, the senior compares the youngling to endure the ache, the disposition introvert are few to the ache principal claim, the same level degree's ache responds in the disposition extravert can be intense, the principal claim are more. National, the family, past experience will have the influence to the ache appraisal. 1.3 nurses factor: In many hospitals, has not become the nursing work convention to the ache appraisal, only in the patient proposed when ache or request analgesia only then passively processes. Lacks the correct measurement ache the tool to cause the patient principal claim and nurse appraises accounts for 77% not identically, nurse has appraised patient's ache to account for 54% lowly, nurse the high appraisal ache has only accounted for 13%. Appraisal method 2.1 0-10 level of linear visual simulation grading law: In rod's both sides, the sign has from 0-10 digit, the digit is bigger, the expression ache intensity is bigger. When use, to the patient explained first 0 represent the indolence, 1 represents the slightest ache, 10 represent the most serious ache, which position finally understands the patient this time the ache in rod's. Appraisal standard: Slight ache 1~4 levels (for example ill, heavy item oppression feeling, passive ache, inflammatory pain); The moderate ache 5 ~6 levels (for example jump pain and convulsion, burning sensation, extrusion feeling and stabbing pain, touch a sore spot with tenderness); Serious ache 7~9 levels (for example hindrance normal activities); Fierce ache (beyond control). This Nurse Hori Yu grasps the ache accurately the degree, favors the appraisal control ache the effect. 2.2 Wong-Banker facial expression meter law appraisal ache: This method from the smile expresses the ache degree with 6 kind of facial expressions to the sadness to the sob. This law suits any age, does not have the specific cultural context or the sex request, easy to grasp, does not need any additional equipment. The acute ache, old person, the young child, power of expression forfeit is specially suitable. 2.3 Memillan ache estimate table: The ache degree indicated with the range estimate direct-viewing ache rod that and draws the ache spot (patient or nurse picture). Nurse asks the following question and the record to the patient: How does your ache start? When starts, what kind of stimulation can cause the ache? Your ache has the long time? Endurance or discontinuity? Please describe the ache situation and the change situation. Describes your ache with yours language. How can alleviate the ache? How can aggravate the ache? How can stop pain? How to do cannot stop pain? When ache outbreak has what symptom? Ache at which aspect like sleep, appetite, body, attention, mood, social activity and so on to you to be whether influential? You thought that is what reason causes your present's ache? This law can make the comprehensive appraisal to the ache and the correlation factor, is suitable in whole nursing the appraisal ache. 2.4 use to describe the ache degree the glossary: Melzeak with mild, specific weight ache, labor pain, the fearful ache and is unable the ache which endures and so on to help the patient to describe own ache, causes the patient to express well the ache. This method meets patient's psychological need, but is affected in a big way the subjective factor. 2.5 monitor patient's change: Monitors the patient life symptom, the breath way, the partial muscle's tensity, the palm perspiration and so on indirect understanding ache degree.
Cancer's three steps and ladders pain-relieving law, is one kind according to patient's ache degree is different, but uses the different rank to stop pain separately the medicine for the principle of reatment analgetic method. As one kind most commonly used, and the extremely effective analgetic method, recommends vigorously for World Health Organization (WHO), widely has been applied in treats each kind of constant pain. Uses three steps and ladders pain-relievings method premise is must learn the cancer painful rank appraisal. Must divide into patient's cancer pain light, medium and heavy third-level, the most commonly used method is uses 0~10 levels of aches to appraise the meter. Doctor inquires to the patient asks him to reply: “if 0 are the indolences, 10 can imagine painful for you, then how many levels your present's ache is? The ache is heaviest when is how many levels? Lightest when is several levels?” although 1~4 levels are the mild ache, the patient have the pain but to be possible to endure, can the normal life; 5~6 levels are the moderate ache, the patient ache are obvious, cannot endure, affects the sleep; 7~10 levels are the specific weight ache, the ache are fierce, cannot go to sleep, may be accompanied by the passive body posture or the nervus autonomici function disorder performance. After having clarified patient's ache rank, then defers to the cancer pain treatment 5 main principles which WHO proposed to give the medicine: First, the oral administration gives the medicine. Simple, not creates, is advantageous for the patient long-term medication, is suitable to the majority ache patients. Second, gives the medicine on time. Attention: Is gives the medicine “on time”, but is not time the ache only then gives the medicine. Third, gives the medicine according to three steps and ladders principles. According to the patient ache's light, medium and heavy varying degree, gives the different steps and ladders the medicine. Below we enumerate in various steps and ladders separately the commonly used medicine. The first steps and ladders mild ache gives the non-meconium class (non-steroid class anti-inflammatory agent) to add and subtract the auxiliary pain-killer. Attention: Non-steroid class pain-killer existence most greatly effective dose (ceiling effect note) question. The commonly used medicines including the paracetamol, the aspirin, the double chlorine fragrance sour salt, Canada gather hundred clothing Ningxia, the cloth Luo river fragrance, the fragrance to (cloth Luo river fragrance slow release capsule), indomethacin, yin duo US Xin, Italy Shi Ding (yin duo US Xin Kongshi the piece) and so on. The second steps and ladders moderate ache gives the weak meconium class to add and subtract the non-steroid class anti-inflammatory agent and the auxiliary pain-killer. The weak meconium class medicine also has the ceiling effect. Because the commonly used medicines have the codein, the strong pain to decide, Qu Maduo, wonderful graceful Ding (Qu Maduo to release slowly piece), a pair of gram (codein to control release piece) and so on. The third steps and ladders specific weight ache gives the meconium class to add and subtract the non-steroid class anti-inflammatory agent and the auxiliary pain-killer. Strong meconium class medicine non-ceiling effect, but may produce endures, must suitably the incremental dose to overcome endures the phenomenon. Formerly thought that stops pain with the morphine can become addicted to, therefore is not willing to the patient to use the morphine, now proved that this viewpoint is the wrong - - - use morphine cancer painful patient extremely little has the addictive nature. This steps and ladders commonly used medicines have the morphine piece, US and Philippines Kang (morphine slow release piece), US to execute Kangting (morphine to control release piece, but rectum gives medicine) and so on. But, demerol hydrochloride this formerly commonly used pain-killer, because its metabolite toxicity big and so on factors, has not been recommended uses in controlling the constant pain. Moreover, some auxiliary medicine's use increased the analgetic curative effect, reduced the pain-killer dosage, had the good analgetic effect. These medicines including the cerebral cortex steroid hormone dexamethasone and the strong pine, may reduce the ache which peripheral nerve dropsy and the oppression cause; Anti-despondent medicine Arab League Mi Tilin, considers thoroughly evenly, US Shu Yu, hundred sorrow solution, uses for to ease the pain, calmly, the improvement mood; Anticonvulsant card horse Siping, the benzene proper UK sodium, after may treat tearing and the cauterization type pain and put the chemotherapy, the ache; The tran-Q class antihistamine, uses in easing the pain, calmly, the town to spit. Fourth, medication individuation. The medication dosage needs to determine according to the patient individual situation that take the indolence as the goal, does not deal with the dose to limit strictly has caused the medication insufficiency. Fifth, observes the patient applies drugs the change after strictly, the stitch in time each kind of medicine's side effect, the observation evaluation medicine curative effect, adjusts the medicine dosage promptly. In addition, but must pay attention to between the medicine the interaction as well as the medicine stops pain questions and so on complex therapy which unifies with other methods. Recently, the national Drugs Surveillance Administrative bureau cancelled cancer patient to use the morphine the maximum dose limit, this has manifested the Government department regarding the promoted cancer pain three steps and ladders treatment determination, also manifested Our country Government with to appease the treatment work to the cancer pain control the support. As for the medical personnel, changes the old idea, studies the essential analgetic medication knowledge is the urgent matter.
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